Traditional Networks
In traditional internet connections, devices connect to a central hub (such as a WiFi router) to exchange information with each other.
WiFi-Direct
A direct parallel to traditional internet networks in the offline space is WiFi-Direct.- Devices themselves become hubs
- Can connect directly to each other without an access point
- Operates in a decentralised manner (no internet or telecom required)
- Supports connectivity up to 200m / 660ft
Bluetooth (BLE & Mesh)
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Bluetooth Mesh are widely used offline networking methods:-
BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)
- Optimised for low-power, point-to-point communication
- Device range: up to 100m / 330ft
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Bluetooth Mesh
- Builds on top of BLE
- Enables large-scale, decentralised networks
- Adds mesh networking functions to support exponential scalability
DORS: Dynamic Offline Relay Switch
Offline Protocol’s core innovation, enabling devices to automatically switch between WiFi-Direct and Bluetooth Mesh for efficiency.- Path Selection: Chooses optimal hops based on signal, proximity, bandwidth.
- Congestion Management: Balances traffic in dense environments.
- Load Balancing: Redistributes relay load across available nodes.
- Energy Efficiency: Avoids overusing low-battery devices.
